up是什么意思呢(英语动词短语中“up”的用法)
对许多学生来说,学习英语最困难的部分之一就是学习动词短语。所谓动词短语是与副词或介词结合的动词。这个组合创造了一个新的意义,通常与基础动词的定义无关,而且很难猜测。
许多动词短语的定义需要记住。英语中有成百上千的短语动词,这对学生来说可能是压倒性的。然而,你会很高兴地知道,短语动词的构成方式往往是有规律的。
在这里,我们来看一下包含介词“up”的短语。“up”通常有下面描述的意思之一。并非所有带“up”的短语动词都属于这些类别,但也有许多这样的例子。
“Up” 表示完成 (finish,complete)
“up”的一个意思是完成某事。“up”表示完成的常用短语动词如下:
- Add up – 加起来直到得到结果。
- Clean up – 打扫了一个房子或者办公室等,直到完全干净。
- Drink up – 喝完、喝光。
- Eat up – 吃完、吃光。
- Heat up – 加热直到完全变热。
- Grow up – 大到没法再长,变成大人。
- Pack up – 打包完,直到所有东西都在箱子里。
- Warm up – 坐在一个很暖的地方旁边,直到你完全变暖。
- Dry up – 完全变干。
- Use up – 用完、用光。
- Heal up – 完全治好了、痊愈了。
- Finish up – 完全的完成任务了。
例句:
- After you add up those numbers, I need to talk to you. (你把这些数字加起来后,我要和你谈谈。)
- It took me ages to clean up the house yesterday! (昨天我花了很长时间才把房子打扫干净!)
- Drink up! We need to leave soon. (喝完!我们得马上离开。)
- Eat up before your food gets cold! (在你的食物变冷之前吃完!)
- I’m going to heat up some of that leftover pasta. (我要把剩下的意大利面加热一下。)
- Sandra grew up in England in the 1970s. (桑德拉在20世纪70年代在英国长大。)
- When Jessica moved out, she had to pack up all her belongings. (杰西卡搬出去时,她不得不收拾她所有的东西。)
- In the winter, I love to warm up by the fire. (冬天,我喜欢在炉火旁暖身。)
直接使用上面这些动词不加“up”,意义上也差不多。但是,后面接上“up”的话就表示这个动作必须是做完的。
“Up” 意思是分开 (divide)
“up”的另一个意思是分开(to devide),或者分割(to split)成更小的部分。常用的动词短语如下:
- Blow up – 爆炸、爆裂开
- Break up 或 split up – 分手
- Chew up – 咬开,咬碎
- Crack up – 笑破肚皮
- Cut up – 剪开
- Rip up 或 tear up – to rip something into pieces.(撕碎)
例句:
- When the students mixed the wrong chemicals together, the experiment blew up. (学生们混合了错误的化学品,实验发生了爆炸。)
- Sally felt sad after she broke up/split up with her boyfriend. (和男朋友分手之后,Sally觉得很难过。)
- My dog chewed up my new trainers, so now I need to buy another pair. (我的狗把我的新运动鞋咬烂了,我要再买一双。)
- I cracked up after my brother told me a funny joke. (我哥给我说了个笑话,我笑翻了。)
- The teacher cut up some paper to play a game with his class. (老师剪开了一些白纸,和同学玩游戏。)
- I’m going to rip up/tear up these old papers, since I don’t need them anymore. (我要碎掉这些旧的纸,我已经不需要这些纸了。)
“Up” 意为“更好”(make better)
“up”的第三个意思是“改进某事,或使其比以前更好”。“up”具有这种含义的常见动词有:
- Cheer up – 加油,振作起来
- Brighten up – 好起来,明亮起来
- Freshen up – 神清气爽
- Do up – 重新装修
- Make up – 化妆,让人更好看
- Talk up – 夸奖,吹捧
例句:
- Susannah was in a bad mood, but she cheered up after spending time with her friends. (苏珊娜心情不好,不过和朋友待了一会她感觉好多了。)
- It rained all week, but on Saturday the weather finally brightened up. (下了一个星期的雨,星期六天气终于好起来了。)
- My mom and dad like to freshen up after they get back from the office. (我爸妈喜欢下班回来后让自己清爽一点——洗澡、洗脸等)
- On Friday nights, my friends and I like to do ourselves up. (星期五晚上我和朋友都会打扮打扮自己。)
- Have you finished making yourself up? (你化完妆了吗?)
- Jeff really talks up that restaurant. I hope it’s as good as he says. (杰夫把那家店说的很好,我希望真是那样。)
“Up” 意思是“停止” (stop)
- Let up – 缓和,停止
- Give up – 放弃
- Play up – (机器)闹毛病,停止工作
- Own up – 坦白,承认,停止撒谎
- Hold up – 延误,耽搁,停止前进
例句:
- The rain finally let up at about 2pm.(大概两点,雨终于停了。)
- Leaning the piano is very difficult, but I’m not going to give up.(学钢琴很难,但我没打算放弃。)
- My speakers have been playing up recently. I’m not sure what’s wrong with them.(我的音响最近出问题了,我也不知道怎么搞的。)
- I knew Linda was keeping a secret. After I asked her about it a few times, she finally owned up.(我知道Linda有什么隐瞒。我追问了好几次,她终于坦白了。)
- We were held up in traffic for four hours on our way back from Connecticut.(我们在回康州路上被堵了四小时。)
“Up” 意为“出现”
- Bring up – 提出
- Come up – 被提出
- Look up – 找出
- Show up 或 turn up – 现身,出现
例句:
- The boss said that if the employees had questions, they could bring them up in the meeting.(老板说如果员工有问题可以在会上提出来。)
- I had a question about something, but the answer came up in class before I even got to ask.(我有个问题,但还没问答案就在课堂上说到了。)
- Google is a great tool for looking up information.(谷歌是个搜寻的好工具。)
- What time are you going to show up/turn up at the party?(那派对你打算几点露面啊?)
“Up” 意为“上”
最后,就是up最字面的意思——“上,起”。
- Get up – 起床。
- Hang up – 挂电话。
表面上好像不太符合逻辑,但你想想最初的电话就是“挂上去”的。
- Sit up – 坐起来,坐直
- Stand up – 站起来
- Turn up – 调大音量
例句:
- I usually get up at about 6 o’clock.(我通常6点起床。)
- After I hung up the phone, I realized I had forgotten to say something.(我挂了电话之后,我发现我忘说了啥。)
- Teachers often need to remind their students to sit up in their chairs.(老师总是需要提醒学生坐直了。)
- When the subway is crowded, you often need to stand up.(地铁很挤的时候,你通常要站起来。)
- Can you turn up the music? It’s not loud enough.(可以把音乐开大点儿吗?不够大声。)
原创文章,作者:,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.webacg.com/baike/527723.html